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Relational database management system in SAP

Basically SAP, a business application is made up of programs together with the data used and made up of programs. The data is meaningfully organized within the database, making it easy for programs to access and find the data needed to do something useful, such as run a financial report or create a sales order. Both the programs and the data exist in the same database in the case of an SAP component or products like ECC. Normally, each and every component has its own database. A production system environment consisting of SAP ECC, SAP Business Warehouse (BW), and SAP Customer Relationship Management (CRM) consists of three production databases.

Database structure:

Essentially, a database is an electronic filing system that houses a collection of information organized in such a way that it allows a computer program to find preferred pieces of data quickly. A database is made up of tables, columns (called fields), and rows (called records or data). The fundamental structure of a database is the same as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet in that columns (fields) store row after row of records (data). The difference between a database and a spreadsheet is simply that databases that contain multiple tables are connected to each other through relationships.

Database structure is an alternate technical term that you don’t need to worry about, but is important nonetheless. The structures are activated and are very well defined in the ABAP/4 Data Dictionary and only have temporary data. The database plays a key role in every SAP system, as it houses all the data used by that specific SAP component or product. There are numerous brands of databases out there, making it easy for an IT department to go with a database vendor with which they are almost familiar. Also, it is imperative to note that not all database vendors and versions are supported by SAP. Rather it tends to stick with the market leaders, adding and removing support for certain vendors over the years.

primary key

Database tables in a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) are required to contain a unique field that distinguishes a particular record separately from others found in the database. This unique field is called a primary key and is made up of one or more fields that make each and every record in a database unique.

foreign key

Use the primary key field in one table to link it to another. The common link field in the other table is usually not the primary key in the other table: and is known as a foreign key.

Database concepts:

The SAP system contains many types of constructs along with structures within the R/3 Data Dictionary (DDIC). Most of these builds tend to be very technical.

Transparency tables:

SAP uses another concept called transparent tables, which are SAP database tables that contain only runtime data. When a table is activated in the ABAP/4 Data Dictionary, a transparent table is automatically created in the database. This transparent table contains the same name as your database table contained in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Each of its fields contains the same names as its database counterparts, although the sequence of the fields may vary. This unstable field sequence makes it possible to insert new fields into the table without having to convert it, all of which makes up for faster data access at runtime.

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